This study was to explore the education expectations of parents and seventh graders in the different family status (rural, regular rural, urban, migrant families), the factors that affect the expectations of parents and children, and the effects of the expectations discrepancy between parents and children and perceived discrepancy between children's perceived parental expectations on students’ achievement. This research adopts the methods of literature analysis and questionnaire survey, using the data of China Education Panel Survey. According to the results of analysis and discussion, the following conclusion has been made: 1. Most of the parents expect their children to go to college, so does the children themselves. 2. The factors that affect parents’ expectations include parents' education level, child's achievement rankings, child age, number of siblings, parents’ occupation, parents' perception of the child's learning attitude; factors that affect children's expectations include parents' education degree, child achievement rankings, child age, number of siblings, family status, child gender, the degree of children's mental depression, children's perceived parental expectations. 3. The higher parents' expectations than that of children, children's academic achievement is better; the lower the perceived parental expectations than that of children, children's performance is poor. 4. The larger expectation discrepancy and perceived expectation discrepancy is related to the worse academic achievement of children. Key words: education expectations, parents’ expectations, children's expectation, perceived expectations, expectation discrepancy, academic achievement

本研究旨在探討不同家庭狀態(留守家庭、一般農村家庭、城市家庭、流動家庭)下父母和孩子的教育期望，影響期望的因素以及父母期望和孩子期望差異及孩子知覺的父母期望和孩子期望差異對他們學習成績的影響。本研究採用文獻分析和問卷調查的研究方法，利用中國教育追蹤調查的資料進行分析，研究物件為七年級的初中生和他們的父母，根據研究結果的分析和討論，得到以下結論: 一、無論是城市、留守、流動還是一般農村家庭，大部分父母和孩子都希望孩子讀到大學本科。 二、影響父母期望的因素包括父母教育程度、父母民族、孩子成績排名、孩子年齡、兄弟姐妹數量、父母職業、父母知覺的孩子的學習態度，影響孩子期望的因素包括父母教育程度、孩子成績排名、孩子年齡、兄弟姐妹數量、家庭状態，孩子性別、孩子心理抑鬱程度、孩子知覺的父母期望 三、父母的期望比孩子的期望越高，孩子的成績越好: 孩子知覺的父母期望比孩子的期望越低，孩子的成績就越差。 四、父母期望和孩子期望的差異越大(無論父母期望還是孩子期望較高)，孩子的成績越差； 孩子知覺的父母期望和孩子自己期望的差異越大(無論知覺的父母期望還是孩子期望較高)，孩子的成績越差。 關鍵字: 期望，父母期望，孩子期望，期望差異，學習成績