This study was to investigate the relationship among parenting styles, children’s temperament, emotionality, and emotion regulation of three to six years old kindergarten children; and to test for gender differences in emotionality and emotion regulation. Parents of 321 children from two kindergartens in Macau participated in this study. Results show that there is a correlation between children temperament, emotionality, emotion regulation and parenting styles: children of parents with authoritative parenting style had more peaceful temperatment, lower activity level, lower emotional intensity, higher level of persistence, approach withdrawal and adaptability; children of parents with authoritarian and permissive parenting styles had higher activity level and emotional intensity, and lower performance in approach withdrawal. In emotion regulation, authoritative parenting children is higher than authoritarian and Permissive parenting children, which also show girls have strong emotion regulation capacity than boys. In emotionality, authoritarian and permissive parenting children are easily to be aroused. Moreover, the result shows that authoritarian parenting and permissive parenting will reduce children's ability to inhibitory control and increase children negative emotions, authoritative parenting can enhance children's ability to attention focusing, perceptual sensitivity and inhibitory control. In condition, there is a positive correlation between activity, approach withdrawal of temperament and perceptual sensitive of emotion regulation, a negative correlation between attention focusing, inhibitory iv control of emotion regulation and emotional intensity of temperament.

本研究主要為了探討 3-6 歲幼兒氣質、父母教養方式、幼兒情緒性和情緒調節的關 係，以及不同性別的幼兒在情緒性和情緒調節中是否存在差異。研究對象為澳門北區兩 所幼稚園的 321 名家長和幼兒。測量工具分別使用了王珮玲（2011）修改的「氣質量表」、 Robinson (1995)編制的「父母教養方式」、Rydell (2003)編制、張鳳吟（2006）翻譯的「情 緒性量表」(The Emotionality Questionnaire)、與蔣雅琳（2006）編制的「幼兒情緒調節 問卷」，問卷由幼兒的父母填答。 本研究結果顯示，父母教養類型方式、幼兒氣質與幼兒的情緒性都有相關性：其中 權威型父母的幼兒的氣質較平和，活動量小、情緒強度低、堅持性強、趨近性和適應力 較好，而專制型和忽略型父母養育的幼兒氣質活動量大、情緒強度較高、趨近性低；在 情緒調節方面，權威型父母教育的幼兒在情緒調節能力方面高於專制型，當中更顯示女 生比男生擁有較強的情緒調節能力；在情緒性方面，專制型和忽略型家長培養的幼兒較 容易出現情緒狀況。研究結果進一步顯示，專制型和忽略型父母會減低幼兒的抑制控制 能力和增加幼兒負面情緒，而權威型父母則可以提升幼兒的專注力、知覺敏感度和抑制 控制能力；幼兒氣質中的活動量和堅持度與幼兒知覺敏感度成正相關，而幼兒氣質中的 情緒強度、情緒調節中的注意力專注和抑制控制能力成負相關。