Hericium erinaceus (Bull.) Pers, which is also called monkey head mushroom, is belonged to the genus of Hericium Pers, the family of Hericiaceae, and the Basidiomycot a ,and it is wellknown as an edible and medicinal fungi. As the shape of its fruiting body is similar to the head of monkey whose color is yellowishbrown, it is called “monkey head”. As Hericium erinaceus is named as the king of mushroom, it is also listed as the four famous dishes along with bear’s paw, sea cucumber and shark’s fin. In China, Hericium erinaceus is mainly distributed in Great Khingan, Tianshan Mountain, Altai Mountain etc, and it also scatters in the northeast provinces, Fujian, Anhui, Hubei and so on. As recorded in Compendium of Materia Medica, Hericium erinaceus is sweet and natured, which nourish five organs, benefit digestion, invigorate stomach, tonify essence, reinforce deficiency, and resist tumor formation. The studies show that it possesses abund ant activities, including anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, antiaging, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hypotensive activities, which indicates a bright utilization future. The small-molecule chemical constituents of Hericium erinaceus possess benign nerve growth factor-promoting abilities, with neuro-protective effect. The studies are developed on the basis of chemical constituents of Hericium erinaceus, and further using ultra performance liquid chromatography to conduct the content determination of 5 main small molecules of the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus. This thesis includes three chapters. The first chapter introduced the research background of the study, including the chemical constituents, pharmacological activities, quality control and clinical uses of Hericium erinaceus. The second chapter is the study of chemical constituents of Hericium erinaceus. In order to develop and utilize the resources, it is necessary to ensure its main constituents. The separation techniques, including silica gel chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, medium pressure liquid chromatography, and preparative HPLC, were used for the isolation and purification of the chemical components. Eleven compounds isolated from 95% ethanolic extract of Hericium erinaceus were identified by ultraviolet spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, 1H and 13C NMR, including Hericene A (I), vi Hericenone D (II), Hericene D (III), Hericenone M (IV), Hericenone F (V), Hericenone I (VI), Ergosterol (VII), Hericenone E (VIII), ergosterolperoxide (IX), Ergosta-7-en-3β-ol (X), Ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (XI) . Among them, the compound IV is a new hericenone compound, and the compound IX is firstly isolated and identified as a sterol-type compound in Hericium erinaceus. The third chapter is to conduct the content determination of five main components of Hericium erinaceus. The ultra performance liquid chromatography combined with diodearray detector (UPLC-DAD) method was established on content determination of Ergosterol, Hericenone I, Hericenone F, Hericenone D, Hericene A in fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus of different origins and growth stage. This study may provide scientific evidences for chemical constituents research and quality control of Hericium erinaceus.

猴頭菌【Hericium erinaceus（Bull.）Pers】又名猴頭菇、猴頭蘑，隸屬於擔子 菌門（Basidiomycota），猴頭菌科（Hericiaceae），猴頭菌屬（Hericium Pers）， 是一種著名的藥食兩用真菌，因數實體形狀像猴子的腦袋，顏色黃褐色，故名“猴 頭”。猴頭菌素稱“蘑菇之王”，人們常將其與熊掌、海參、魚翅並列為四大名菜， 並有“山珍猴頭，海味燕窩”之說。在中國野生猴頭菇主要分佈在大興安嶺、天山和 阿爾泰山等地，東北各省和浙江、福建、安徽、湖北等地都有出產。《本草綱目》 記載，猴頭菇性平，味甘，能利五臟，助消化，有健胃，益精，補虛，抗癌之功效。 研究發現，它具有抗潰瘍、抗炎症、抗氧化、抗腫瘤、抗衰老，保肝護肝、降血糖、 降血脂和降血壓等療效，開發應用前景廣闊。猴頭菇小分子化學成分具有良好的促 進神經生長因數合成的活性，具有神經保護作用，本課題以猴頭菇為研究物件，應 用現代分離技術對猴頭菇進行化學成分研究，並在此基礎上運用超高效液相色譜技 術對猴頭菇子實體中 5 個主要小分子化合物進行了含量測定。 本論文共包括三個章節。 第一章介紹了本課題的研究背景，從猴頭菇的化學成分，藥理活性，品質控制， 臨床應用等方面對猴頭菇的研究現狀進行了總結。 第二章為猴頭菇的小分子化學成分研究，為了合理開發利用猴頭菇資源，明確 其主要化學成分，我們運用矽膠色譜、凝膠色譜、中壓製備色譜和製備高效液相色 譜等分離技術對猴頭菇進行了化學成分研究，並通過紫外光譜、質譜、核磁共振氫 譜和碳譜等方法從猴頭菇 95%乙醇提取物中分離並鑒定了 11 種化合物，它們分別 是 Hericene A(Ⅰ)、Hericenone D(Ⅱ)、Hericene D(Ⅲ)、Hericenone M(Ⅳ)、 Hericenone F(Ⅴ)、Hericenone I(Ⅵ)、麥角甾醇(Ⅶ)、Hericenone E(Ⅷ)、過氧化麥角 iv 甾醇(Ⅸ)、麥角甾-7-烯-3β-醇(Ⅹ)、麥角甾-7，22-二烯-3β-醇(Ⅺ)，其中化合物Ⅳ是 一種新發現的猴頭菌酮類化合物，化合物Ⅸ是首次在猴頭菇中分離得到的甾醇類化 合物。 第三章對猴頭菇的 5 個主要小分子化合物進行了含量測定研究。建立了超高效 液相色譜-紫外檢測器（UPLC-DAD）聯用的方法測定了不同產地猴頭菇和不同生 長階段猴頭菇子實體中麥角甾醇、Hericenone I 、Hericenone F 、Hericenone D 、 Hericene A 的含量。 本課題為猴頭菇化學成分研究和品質評價及控制提供了科學依據。