This study explores and describes a new image decomposition and reconstruction approach compared to the traditional Fourier transformation. Fourier has been a powerful mathematical tool for representing a signal into an expression consists of sin and cos. Recently a new developed signal decomposition theory is proposed by Pro. Qian named Adaptive Fourier Decomposition. It has the advantage in time frequency over Fourier decomposition and do not need a fixed window size such as short-time Fourier transform. Studies show that AFD can fast decompose signals into positive-frequency functions with good analytical properties. In this paper we apply AFD into image decomposition and reconstruction area first time in the literature, which shows a promising result and gives the fundamental prospect for image compression. Acceleration of AFD using Matlab is also given in this study.