In the criminal proceeding, the defendant participates in the trial is the basic right which was given by the Treaty of Human Right, in order to maintain the adversary system and the direct principle, the defendant shall participate in the trial, it is a fundamental protection to the defendant in the criminal trial, and the fundamental protection for the defendant to obtain the impartial trial. The defendant does not participate in the trial base on the subjective and objective factors that impedes and affects the criminal proceeding. Therefore, the system of trial by default was established in different countries. As most of the defendants are non-Macau citizens or not reside in Macau, therefore, it is common that the defendant was notified but absent in the trial or the defendant whereabouts is unknown in the criminal proceedings. If the defendant was notified but absent in the trial, or the defendant cannot be notified, the trial cannot be held, and the proceedings will be impeded. As a result, compensation cannot be given to the victims at the right time, the judicial efficiency cannot work out, and it will also affect the confidence of the judicial justice to the public. Base on this situation, to ensure the judicial efficiency as well as the compensation to the victim can be given at the earliest time, the《CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO PENAL》established the system of trial by default. The aim to revise the《CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO PENAL》in 2013 is to optimize and enhance the proceeding efficiency; especially the revision focuses on the system of trial by default and the system of trial by delay. However, the revision of the law extends the content of the defendants default in the trial, and what problems existed in the relevant system? I try to analysis the system of trial by default in this thesis, to discover the advantages and the disadvantages, and to provide some references from the other countries such as the legislative experiences of Germany and France, to avoid the suspension of the trial when the defendant does not participate, to ensure the implementation of the penalty power, to protect the legal interest of defendant, to ensure the Judicial efficiency can work in a smooth way, to balance the procedures of the entity and the justice, and the contradiction between the justice and efficiency. 6 This thesis classifies into three chapters, chapter one focuses on the description of the system of trial by default, introduces the contents and features of the system, analyses the theory of the trial by default, the competence principle, the principle of protection for the human right, the principle of efficiency in litigation, introduces the importance to establish the system of trial by default in Macau, the origin of the system as well as some comments about the revision of the system in《CÓDIGO DE PROCESSO PENAL》. In Chapter 2, it observes the system of trial by default so as to conclude some possible situations when default system needs to proceed such as the doer abscond, the doer disrupted the court order and was forced to leave the trial, the doer retreated during court session, the intentional or negligent of the condition of the doer participating in the trial etc. In addition, it further explores the guarantee measure of the system of trial by default, which included the lawyer shall be participate in the trial, to provide information to the absence defendant for the reason to participate in the upcoming trial, to protect the right of declaration to the absence defendants and his right for appeal. In Chapter 3, to point out the problems of the system and some suggestions to well-establish the system, and the conclusion of the thesis.

在刑事訴訟程序中，嫌犯在場接受審判是人權公約賦予嫌犯的程序基本權 利，而為確保辯論原則及直接原則，嫌犯在聽證時必須在場，這也是刑事審判制 度對嫌犯的基本保障，也是嫌犯獲得公正審判的最基本保障。 由於主、客觀的原因往往會出現嫌犯缺席庭審的情况，導致刑事訴訟程序 受阻，影響刑事訴訟的順利進行。為此，世界上很多國家建立了刑事缺席審判制 度。 在澳門，由於很大部份的嫌犯為非本地居民或非身處澳門之人士，基於澳 門的實際情況，在刑事訴訟程序中，嫌犯被通知後不出席，或嫌犯下落不明之情 況比較普遍，如果因嫌犯一直被通知後不出庭，或一直未能通知嫌犯出庭，以致 庭審遲遲未能展開，訴訟程序將便因此而受到很大阻礙，這樣，法益受侵犯的被 害人將得不到及時彌補，司法效率得不到適時彰顯，將有損社會大眾對司法公正 的信心。考慮到該等情況，為著司法效率，為著被害人的法益能儘快獲得彌補， 故澳門《刑事訴訟法典》設置了嫌犯缺席審判制度。 2013 年修改的《刑事訴訟法典》之目標是為優化訴訟程序及提高訴訟效率， 尤其是對嫌犯無出席而進行審判的制度及聽證押後作出了修改。然而，相關修改 擴大了嫌犯缺席審判的內容，相關制度存有甚麼問題？ 筆者試圖透過本文分析澳門現行的嫌犯缺席審判制度的內容、檢視制度的 利弊，並透過考察、借鑒德國、法國等國家的立法經驗，避免因為嫌犯不到庭而 無法審判的情况，希望確保刑罰權的實現，也同時為著保障被害人的法益盡早得 以實現，也為免妨礙司法效率的進行，以平衡實體体程序與公正、公正与效益之 間的矛盾與衝突。 本文共分三章，第一章對澳門嫌犯刑事缺席審判制度作描述，介紹了缺席 審判的內涵及特徵、分析了嫌犯缺席審判制度的理論基礎，以依職權原則、人權 保障原則及訴訟效率原則為相關理論基礎、介紹了澳門設立嫌犯刑事缺席審判制 度的重要性、澳门嫌犯缺席審判的法律淵源、澳門《刑事訴訟法典》關於缺席審 判制度的修改及評價；第二章對嫌犯缺席審判的比較法考察，從中總結了嫌犯缺 席審判的情形主要包括行為人犯罪後潛逃、行為人因擾亂法庭秩序而被帶離法庭、 審判開始後行為人中途退庭、行為人故意或過失使其自己參與庭審之狀態等，並 探討嫌犯缺席審判制度的保障措施，主要包括辯護人必須在場、法庭向曾缺席聽 證後又出席的嫌犯提供資訊、保障曾缺席聽證後又出席的嫌犯的最後陳述權及上 訴制度；第三章提出澳門嫌犯缺席審判制度的問題與完善方向，並作出歸納總 結。