This paper aims to explore how Portuguese-Macau Government establishes the regime and policy for ruling Chinese residents in Macau after the Opium War. Taking advantage of huge changes on international relationship among Qing Dynasty and other Western Countries, Portuguese-Macau Government forces Chinese residents in Macao under its ruling step by step. By using those experiences of Leal Senado accumulating in contact with Chinese residents in Macao, Portuguese-Macau Government accommodates Leal Senado to circumstances, forming a regime of ruling Chinese residents in Macao. This regime of ruling Chinese residents in Macao mainly includes, firstly Procuratura dos Negócios Synicos responsible for judicial administration, secondly Fazenda de Macau is responsible for taxation and business administration, while other government departments cooperate. Portuguese-Macau Government also gradually take Chinese residents in Taipa and Coloane in the scope of its governance, whose rules are different from those in Macau. After Governor Silva’s reformation in 1878, the regime of ruling Chinese residents in Taipa and Coloane merges into that of governing Chinese residents in Macau peninsula. Until 1887, Portuguese-Macau Government establishes a complete and mature regime for ruling Chinese residents in Macau.

本文探討鴉片戰爭後至 1887 年澳葡政府如何確立管治居澳華人的制度及 其策略的變化。澳葡政府利用鴉片戰爭後中外格局突變之機，單方面強制將居 澳華人納入其管治範圍。澳葡政府在制度設計上變通舊議事會下的理事官署及 理事官，利用舊議事會內所積累的與居澳華人往來的經驗，形成了主要由理事 官署（華政衙門）負責對居澳華人進行司法行政管理、由澳門公物會負責對居 澳華人稅收商業行政管理的格局，同時與澳葡政府其它部門互相配合處理全面 的居澳華人市政事務。澳葡政府在鴉片戰爭後也逐步將氹仔、路環華人納入其 管治範圍內，但最初採取與澳門半島華人不同的管治制度及模式。後經 1878 年 施利華總督對氹仔、路環華人管治制度進行大改革，才將對氹仔、路環華人的 管治融入對澳門半島華人的管治體制中。至 1887 年中葡和好通商條約簽訂時， 澳葡政府已經形成了管治居澳華人之較為成熟的體系。