In the peasant economy, the ancient Chinese mediation system is one of the best ways to solve civil disputes by combining the power of the state and society. It has a perfect system, a wealth of experience and a extensive implementation, is unique in the world legal history. We can say that mediation is the oldest mode of dispute resolution in the world, is also a special judicial form of most cultural representative in ancient china. Meanwhile, the emergence and development of Chinese mediation system has profound ideological, economic, social and political bases, and mediation contains a universal value pursuit of human social development. The paper includes four parts, except the introduction and the conclusion. What are discussed in the introduction are: identify different expressions of “mediation”, explain the history of mediation, introduce its irreplaceable position in Chinese legal system and the realistic significance. In chapter one, by analyzing the ideological, economic, social and political causes for the formation of ancient Chinese mediation system, the author illustrates the root of the system. Confucianism, peasant economy, rural society, patriarchal clan, rulers’ pursuit of peace and order, these factors directly affect the breeding and growth of the Chinese mediation system. In chapter two, the author gives a historical overview of ancient Chinese mediation system. It can be divided into three main forms: ofiicial mediation, civil mediation and a combination of both. Moreover, analyzes the characteristics, positive and negative impacts of the system, and also makes a basic evaluation for the system. In chapter three, the author discusses the value orientation of ancient Chinese mediation system. Rooted in the Chinese traditional legal culture, ancient Chinese mediation system bases its value orientations on “sense and reason”, “non-litigant”, which possess Chinese traditional culture characteristics. 5 What is discussed in chapter four is the contemporary interpretation of ancient Chinese mediation system. In modern society, many people still choose mediation to resolve disputes, consequently, we should consider our mediation system in a historical perspective, rethink profoundly and make a creative transformation. In the conclusion, the author discusses the tenacious vitality and effect of mediation system in modern society. From a historical perspective, we should draw lessos from the ancient local resource. Mediation system is one of the achievements of the the Chinese nation's long-term social practice, is an important part of the Chinese legal civilization, and also is a treasure of global legal culture. With a background of constructing the harmonious society, today there is a revival of mediation system. This trend is helpful to the development of Civil Dispute Settlement Mechanism and the construction of the modern judicial system. Therefore, the study on the ancient Chinese mediation system is beneficial to create Multi-Door Dispute Resolution, to prevent the intensification of contradictions and to maintain social harmony and stability.

中國古代調解制度，是在小農經濟條件下，通過把國家與社會力量結合在一 起用以解決民事糾紛的最好方式之一。其制度之完善、經驗之豐富、實施之廣泛， 在世界法制史上是絕無僅有的。可以說，調解是世界上最古老的糾紛解決方式， 也是古代中國最具有文化代表性的司法形式。同時，調解制度在中國的產生和發 展有著深厚的思想、經濟、社會、政治基礎，且蘊含著人類社會發展的普遍價值 追求。 本文除緒論和結語以外，共分為四章內容，其基本構成如下： 緒論部分，界定了“調解”“調處”等概念，介紹了本文調解制度的語義範 圍，闡述了調解的歷史，和其在中國法律制度中不可取代的地位及現實意義。 第一章闡釋了古代調解制度的⬀在根源，從思想、經濟、社會、政治四個方 面來分析調解制度產生與發展的原因。儒家思想、小農經濟、鄉土社會、宗族以 及統治者對秩序和穩定的追求，這些因素直接影響了古代調解制度的孕育與成長。 第二章介紹了古代調解制度的概況。我國古代調解制度可分為官府調解、民 間調解和官批民調。同時，詳實地分析其特點、積極意義與負面影響，對古代調 解制度作一個基本評價。 第三章創新性地闡述了古代調解制度的價值取向。根植于中國傳統法律文化 土壤之上的調解制度，形成了具有中國傳統文化特色的情理、無訟等價值取向。 第四章詮釋了古代調解制度的現代意義。我們應該以歷史的眼光看待調解制 度，在現代社會仍有許多人選擇以調解來解決糾紛，所以對其我們應進行反思和 創造性轉化。 結語部份，闡述了調解制度在當今社會仍舊有著頑強生命力和不可忽視的作 用，我們應從尊重歷史的角度借鑒吸收古老的本土資源。 調解制度是中華民族長期社會實踐的成果之一，是中華法治文明的一個重要 組成部分，也是世界法律文化寶庫中閃光的瑰寶。在構建現代和諧社會的背景下， 調解制度悄然復興，通過其來發展我國民事糾紛解決機制，構築現代司法制度不 無裨益。因此，研究調解制度，有利於開創糾紛解決的多元途經，防止矛盾的激 化，維護社會的和諧與穩定。