The issue of school bullying in criminology has raised more and more concern around the world during the recent decades. However it is still a newly emerging topic in Mainland China. This study attempts to take a closer look at what is actually happening in terms of school bullying and how victims are coping with it in Chinese middle schools at present. After reviewing general literature on school bullying, lifestyle/exposure and routine activities theories and the approach of target congruence were applied as the theoretical framework for bullying victimization specifically in the Chinese context. A survey was conducted among 205 middle school students in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, including 112 male students and 93 female students. By analyzing the data collected from the survey, this study evaluated correlations between risk factors and protective guardianship and school bullying victimization. The results were generally consistent with those indicated in prior researches, except that there was no significant relationship between protective guardianship from peers or family and any individual form of school bullying victimization, which might be explained by the cultural and conventional practices in Mainland China. Having obtained a more sufficient understanding of bully victimization among Chinese middle school students, this study discussed its main findings and generated implications for intervention and prevention accordingly, in an effort to reduce school bullying victimization more effectively across the country.