As a kind of can bring economic benefits to the obligors and the competitive of the important wealth, trade secrets play the increasingly important position in the market competition. At the same time, varieties behavior of trampling on business ethics, contrary to the principle of honesty and credit, using unscrupulous divisive tactics to others’ obtain trade secrets or otherwise infringement of trade secrets becomes more and more serious, greatly destructing the integrity of a fair market competition order, damaging the trust relationship between market main body, fueling speculation and unearned. As trade secrets have its own particularity, which violated easily and have become increasingly prominent, so it is necessary to infringement research, to strengthen the legal protection of trade secrets. This article is mainly from the trade secrets infringement type proceed, discussed the behavior of the object, objective aspect, the subject, the subjective aspect. When the consequences of the act of tort cause losses to a certain extent, it may also constitute the crime of infringement of trade secrets. According to the relevant provisions of the law, the trade secret infringement mainly has four kinds. While the theory of trade secrets infringement types are all kinds of classification, opinions are divided, but are based on law of the relevant provisions of the abstract theory. In addition, each country has the trade secrets legal protection in different ways. For example, special legislation about “trade secrets law”, detailed definition about protection of tort damages. However, for the protection of trade secrets rely solely on relief afterwards too passive, more important is to establish and perfect the system of prevention in advance, taking the initiative mode. In addition, the protection of trade secrets and the protection of personal liberty in the relationship, how to grasp the two degree is the trial faces difficulties. Criminal law as one of important legal departments, to the protection of trade secrets stipulated. According to the criminal law provisions, not only by improper means to obtain trade secrets of others, illegal punishment of trade secrets are likely to bear criminal liability, even in third who knows or should know is another trade secrets, still passive acceptance may also constitute a criminal offence. Such strong protection, compared with other countries is rare.

商业秘密作为一种能为权利人带来经济利益和竞争优势的重要财富，其在市 场竞争中的地位日益重要，所起的作用也越来越大。与此同时，各种践踏商业道 德准则、违背诚实信用、不择手段获取他人商业秘密或者以其他方式侵犯他人商 业秘密的行为也越演越烈，极大的破坏了公平诚信的市场竞争秩序，损害了市场 主体之间的信任关系，助长了不劳而获的投机思想。由于商业秘密自身的特殊性， 使得其遭受侵犯变得容易并且日益突出，因此有必要对侵权行为进行探究，有必 要加强对商业秘密的法律保护。本文主要从商业秘密侵权行为入手，分别论述侵 权行为的客体、客观方面、主体、主观方面等构成要件；当侵权行为的后果给权 利人造成损失达到一定程度时，还可能会构成侵犯商业秘密罪。根据《反不正当 竞争法》、《国家工商行政管理局关于禁止侵犯商业秘密行为的若干规定》（1998 年修订）、《刑法》的相关规定，可以知道商业秘密的侵权行为主要有四种；然而 学理上对商业秘密侵权行为类型的分类却五花八门，虽然观点有分歧，但都是围 绕法律的相关规定所做的理论抽象。除此之外，各个国家对商业秘密的保护方式 不尽相同，有专门立《商业秘密法》保护的，有对侵权损害赔偿做详细界定的， 但是对商业秘密的保护仅仅依靠事后救济显得过于被动，更主要的是建立健全事 前预防制度，采取主动预防方式。因为商业秘密“十分脆弱”，一旦公之于众其 秘密性就消失，而秘密性对于商业秘密的存在至关重要，秘密性的消失很可能导 致商业秘密也消失。另外，保护商业秘密与保障个人择业自由的关系中，如何把 握二者的度是审判中面临的困难。保护商业秘密要求劳动者承担择业限制义务， 该义务源于诚实信用原则和员工对企业的忠实义务，但是择业限制必须限定在一 个合理的范围，否则劳动者自由择业权利就有可能被侵害。刑法作为重要的法律 部门之一，理应对商业秘密的保护做出规定。根据刑法的规定，不仅以不正当手 段获取他人商业秘密的人、非法处分商业秘密的人有可能承担刑事责任，就连第 三人在明知或应知是他人商业秘密，仍然将其消极接受、使用的情况下，也有可 能构成刑事犯罪。这种较强力度的保护，与其他国家相比实属少见。 关键字：商业秘密，侵权行为，保护制度