Radix Polygonum multiflrom is one of most commonly used Chinese medicines. Pharmacology research statistics showed that toxicity of ethonalic extract of He-Shou-Wu has stronger hepatotoxic activity than its water extract, same result was also found hot water extract of He-Shou-Wu did not induce any hepatotoxicity, but had beneficial effects on liver in mice The statistics of research article on analysis showed that the quality control standard of Polygonum multifolrum are all according to the extract of organic solvent .In order to search for active compound in the water extracts ,we commited systematic chemical study on Heshouwu. Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified from Polygonum multiflrom. Their structures were elucidated as Physcion (1), Emodin (2), 6-OH-emodin (3), Physcion-8-O- β-D-glucopyranoside (4), Emodin-8-O- β-D-glucopyranoside (5), 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid (6), 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene -2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), Gallic acid (8), Catechine (9), Epicatechine (10), Hypaphorine (11), Proanthocyanidin B1 (12), Proanthocyanidin B2 (13). 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid, Hypaphorine, Proanthocyanidin B1 and B2 were first separated and identified from Polygonum multiflrom. In this study, an effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of major hydrophilic compounds in the water extracts,too.The validated method was applied to quantitatively analyze 8 major hydrophilic compounds in different parts of Radix Polygonum multiflrom, its processed products and some commercial products. Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) factor analysis (FC), Discriminant analysis (DA) were also used for data analysis. It is helpful for pharmacological evaluation and quality control of Radix Polygonum multiflrom. Keywords: Polygonum multiflorum Thunb; Water extracts; Chemical study; Quality control; Hierarchical clustering analysis; Principle component analysis; Factor analysis; Discriminant analysis.

何首烏，蓼科植物何首烏 Polygonum multforum Thunb.的乾燥塊根。近幾年國 外國內多次出現何首烏的毒副作用報導，有藥理學研究表明有機溶劑提取的何 首烏毒性大於水提取首烏的毒性，另有研究水提取何首烏不僅沒有毒性反而對 肝臟有保護作用，而大量的研究統計表明目前為止建立的何首烏的分析方法以 及質控標準均針對有機溶劑提取液，沒有文章針對水提取何首烏進行分析。所 以本課題將結合化學分離以及品質分析兩種手段，對水提取的何首烏主要化學 成分進行植化分離並且對主成分含量進行測定。本實驗通過運用多種色譜分離 和純化手段對何首烏水提取物進行化學分離並且鑒定得到了 13 個化合物，包括 二苯乙烯苷類，蒽醌類和酚酸類三大類化合物。根據化合物的理化性質和波譜 資料，化合物為：大黃素甲醚（Physcion，1），大黃素（Emodin，2），6-OH- 大黃素（6-OH-emodin，3），大黃素甲醚-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（Physcion-8-O- β-D-glucopyranoside，4），大黃素-8-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（ Emodin-8-O- β-D-glucopyranoside，5），對羥基苯甲酸（4-Hydroxybenzoic acid，6），2,3,5,4’- 四羥基二苯乙烯 -2-O-β-D- 吡 喃 葡 萄 糖 苷 （2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside ，7），沒食子酸（Gallic acid，8），兒茶素 （Catechine，9），表兒茶素（Epicatechine，10），下箴刺 桐堿（Hypaphorine，11），原花青素 B1（Proanthocyanidin B1，12），原花青 素 B2（Proanthocyanidin B2，13）其中下箴刺桐堿，對羥基苯甲酸以及原花青 素 B1，B2 均為首次分離與鑒定。與此同時本實驗建立了快速檢測何首烏水提 取物中大極性並且具有藥理活性的 8 個主要化合物的分析方法，發現水提取物 中主要化學成分以有生發活性的酚酸和強烈抗氧化活性的二苯乙烯苷類為主， 同時運用建立的 HPLC 方法對全國多產地多來源何首烏藥材進行含量測定，對 不同部位的何首烏的品質進行研究，並且採用主成分分析，聚類分析,因數分 析，判別分析等多種分析手段對結果進行分析總結，對水提取中藥材何首烏的 品質評價具有重要意義。 關鍵字：何首烏；水提取；植化分離；含量測定；主成分分析；聚類分析；因 數分析；判别分析