The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relation of children’s temperament, parent-child relationship and emotion regulation. The research subject were 96 five to six years old kindergartners in Macao, including 48 boys and 48 girls. Temperament and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was rated by the children’s main caregiver and teacher. Parent-Child Relation Questionnaire was rated by the children’s caregiver. Results showed that there were not gender differences in emotion regulation. The research findings also showed that the children’s temperament was associated with children’s emotion regulation competence. Also, different parent-child relationships predicted different dimensions of children’s emotion regulation. For those parents who emphasized “ignore and neglect”, their children had lower scores on attention focusing, perceptual sensitivity and inhibitory control. Parents who saw “loving” as important, had children with higher impulsivity and perceptual sensitivity. Children’s impulsivity was positively related to parents who tended to “reject”. Parents who emphasized “command” “mental” “punishment” and “physical punishment” were negatively related to children’s attention focusing, perceptual sensitivity and inhibitory control. Furthermore, the results showed that there was significant difference in the ratings between caregiver and teacher. According to the results, the study suggested ways which parents and teachers could employ as counseling stratgies to improve the emotion regulation of their children. Key word: children, temperament, parent-child relationship, emotion regulation