The purpose of the research was to explore parenting stress and social support among caregivers of person with disabilities. One hundred and eighty nine parents participated and compketed the "Parenting Stress Index--Short Form （任文香，1995） and "Social Support Scale （湯麗玉，1991）. The results suggested that caregives with difficult children experienced the highest level of parenting stress, followed by parenting difficuty, and having parent-child dysfunctional interaction. Caregivers perceived highest amount of social support in emotional domain, followed by informational support, and instrumental support. There was statistically significant differences in the amount of social support received by caregivers with different characteristics. Specifically, the older caregivers were, the less social support they perceived. Caregivers who were unemployed or had a non-technical job perceived having less social support. Further, the more children in the family, the lower level of social support the caregivers perceived. Caregivers with university education perceived more support. Finally, those who with low socioeconomic status (SES) reported having less support than those who with middle SES (None of the caregivers interviewed belonged to the high SES group). In addition, there was also statistically significant negative correlation between parenting stress and social support among caregivers. In terms of obtaining public assistance, caregivers expressed the need for medical security, followed by employment protection, temporary or permanence residential service, social information service, and counseling service. Based on the research findings, suggestions were made for the social welfare department, social workers, special educators, and parent educators. Implications of the study for future research will be discussed. Key word: Macao, Caregivers, Mentally disabled person, Parental responsibility

本研究旨在探討澳門智障人士的主要照顧者的親職壓力的感受與獲得社會支持的情況；並就照顧者背景變項包括 : 身份、年齡 、婚姻狀況、社經地位及健康狀況等各變項對照顧者社會支持和親職壓力的差異進行研究 ，進而探討社會支持與照顧者親職壓力相關情況。本研究採用調查研究法，由訪問員以面談方式，一對一的 為受試者填寫問卷，以189位智障者的主要照顧者為研究對象，依據受試者在「 短式親職壓力量表」( 任文香，1995) 和「社會支持量表」( 湯麗玉，1991)的得分進行統計分析，研究發現如下 : 照顧者所感受到的親職壓力以在困難兒童方面的壓力較高，其次為親職愁苦方面的壓力，再其次為親子互動失調方面的壓力。照顧者的婚姻狀況為同居者 、教育程度為中小學者及自覺健康狀況很差的照顧者感受到較大的壓力。 照顧者所獲得的社會支持以情緒性支持較多，資訊性支持其次，工具性支持較少。照顧者的年齡愈大，獲得 的支持愈少；無業或從事非技術性工作的照顧者得到較少社會的支持；子女數目愈多，所獲得的社會支持愈少 ; 教育程度為大學者 , 得到較多的社會支持；本研究的受試者當中沒有 高社經地位之 照顧者，而低社經地位比中社經地位的照顧者得到較少的支持。社會支持與親職壓力呈負相關，照顧者得到愈多社會支持，其感受到的親職壓力愈少。 照顧者期望得到的協助順序為：最多人期望智障者得到醫療保障，其次分別是就業保障，照顧安置服務，社會服務資訊，暫托服務，及最後是情緒輔導服務。 最後，研究者根據上述研究發現結果，對社會福利部門、社會工作者及特殊教育工作者提出針對性的建議及 日後進一步的研究建議。 關鍵詞：澳門 智障者 照顧者 親職壓力 社會支持