The thesis sought to study the characteristics of the pupils who had been in school during 1995, and who were subsequently promoted, repeated and dropped out in1996 so as to understand effects of these characteristics upon variables of schooling in Macao. Variables examined included sex of student, age, birth place, type of identity, nationality, father's status, mother's status, guardian, live or not with guardian, along with their relationships with the status of schooling, i.e. promoted, repeated, and dropped out. Both content and quantitative methods were deployed to analyze the data. The findings of the study are stated below for both primary and secondary education. (1) Primary Education the higher the grade of the students, the higher the percentages of retention and drop-out the academic performance of the boys were lower than the girls; the academic performance of the regular students (i.e. studied in grades appropriate to their ages) was better than their counterparts; the academic performance of the Macao-born students was better than the non- Macao-born students; holders of Macao identity document, as well as those with nationality in Chinese got better performance; students with working fathers had better academic performance; students with mothers staying at home had better performance than the working mothers; students with mothers who are guardians and lived together got better academic performance. (2)Secondary Education the lower the grades of the pupils, the higher the percentage of retention and drop-out; the academic performance of the boys were lower than the girls; the academic performance of the regular students (i.e, studied in grades appropriate to their ages) was better than their counterparts; the academic performance of the non-Macao born students was better than the Macao-born students; the holders of Macao identity document, as well as those with nationality in Chinese got better performance; students with working fathers had better academic performance; students with working mothers or mothers staying at home had better performance; students with fathers who are guardians and lived together got better academic performance. It is noteworthy that the following categories of students got worse academic performance, namely boys, non-regular, non-Macao and non-China born, non Macao identity document holders, nationality of non-Chinese, with non-working father, with non-working mother or housewife, with non-parent guardian, and those not living together with their guardians. Comparing between the primary and secondary schooling, the followings are observed. 1. In primary education, more students got worse performance in higher grades, whereas in secondary education, the pupils got worse performance in lower grades.2. The China-born students in primary education got worse performance, whereas the china-born pupils got better performance. 3. Students in primary education with working mothers got worse performance, whereas students in the secondary education with working mothers got better performance. 4. Mothers who are themselves guardians were associated with poorer academic results at the secondary levels whereas the opposite applied to the students in primary education. 5. The situation of the father is the opposite of the mother's.

本研究將一九九五年在校就讀，一九九六年分別為升級、留級及離校的學生作分析. 目的:試圖找出澳門中文學校，中小學學生的性別、年齡、出生地、證件類別、 國籍、父親狀況、母親狀況、誰是監護人、是否與監護人同住等變項，與其升級、留級、離校的關係。 使用方法:本論文探用內容分析法之定量研究。 發現的結果:小學方面，高年級相對有較低的升級率、較高的留級及離校率;男 生的學業成績普遍低於女生;適齡學生的學業優於不適齡的學生;澳門出生的較 非澳門出生的有較佳的學業表現;連帶下來的持澳門證件、華籍的學生均有較佳 的成績;家庭方面，父親有職業的學生，其學業成績普遍較佳;而母爲家務的又 較母有職業的為佳;母爲監護人及與之同住的學生，其學業成續均較佳。 中學方面，低年級對有較低的升級率、較高的留級;男生的學業成績普遍低於女 生，適齡學生的學業優於不適齡的學生;中國出生的較非中國出生的，有較佳的 學業成績表現;持澳門證件、華籍的均有較佳的成績;家庭方面，父親有職業的學生，其學業成績普遍較佳;而母爲家務及有職業的，其學業較佳;父為監護人及與之同住的學生，其學業成續均較佳。 結論: 無論在小學或中學，男生、不適齡、非澳門或中國出生、持非澳門證件、非華籍、父親不屬有職業類、母親不屬有職業或家務類、非父母為監護人、不與監護人同住均為學生學業成績的負面因素。 意外的發現: 在研究的結果中，有一些情況小學是與中學相反的:一、小學高年級對學生不利，中學則低年級對學生不利。二、中國出生的小學生，一般來說，學業表現較差，但中國出生的中學生，則有較佳的學術表現。三、母親有職業的，一般來說，是小學生成績的負面因素，但在同一學年，母親有職業是中學生成績的正面因素。四、母為監護人是小學生成績的正面因素，但卻是中學生成績的負面因素。五、父親為監護人的情況剛好與上述第四點相反。