Abstracts The protection of traditional medicine has attracted most developing countries' and a few developed countries' attention. Because of TRIPS, intellectual property become a rule must be stood by in the international trade. A serious of bilateral conventions dominant by developed countries made the items of intellectual property in TRIPS less flexibile. Developing countries must pay for the disadvantages in the international trade brought by the over-promotion of intellectual property. There are two camps focus on the attitude to intellectual property (IP) institution, and the main divarications are: strong protection or week protection, whether protect the traditional knowledge (TK) or not. The mainstream opinion of developed countries is strengthen the protection of IP and not protect the TK because they think TK is in public area, but developing countries demand to execute IP institutions conditionally and take TK into protection. Convention of Biodiversity (CBD) provides the law base to TK protection law making. Many states parties make special laws, amend IP laws according to the spirits of CBD, and some countries such as Thailand establishes a special system to protect the traditional medicine knowledge. Although China is one of the first group taking part in the CBD, but we have fallen behind in law-making of traditional medicine knowledge because of the lack of studying CBD. There are seven Chinese traditional medicine protection modes in China. One of them is IPRs (Intellectual Property Rights), but whether IPRs is fit for the protection of Chinese traditional medicine or not is worth discussing. Besides, Decree Governing the Protected Traditional Chinese Medicinal Products is a special law protecting Chinese traditional medicine made before CBD, but it is made according to the situation of our country. People has commented on the advantages and shortcoming of the law. This article emphasizes on introducing the case study and laws of the traditional medicine knowledge, for providing academicians and staffs focus on or researching the problem some new ideas. Key words: traditional medicine knowledge; patent; Convention of Biodiversity; protection

澳门大学硕士学位论文 摘要 傳統醫藥知識保護已經成為廣大發展中國家和一些發達國家考慮的一個問題。 TRIPS 協定的頒佈,使知識產權在國際貿易中成為了必須遵守的規則,並且由於一 系列雙邊協定的簽署,TRIPS 協定中關於知識產權的彈性條款也變得形同虛設,使 得發展中國家必須承擔和發達國家相同的義務,必須為發達國家積極推進的知識產 權制度所形成的不利地位買單。 全世界對知識產權制度的意見明顯地分為兩大陣營,分歧主要為:強保護與弱 保護,是否保護傳統知識。發達國家的主流意見是加強知識產權,同時傳統知識已 經處於公共領域,不屬於知識產權保護範圍,發展中國家卻要求有條件地執行知識 產權制度,並且對傳統知識進行保護。 《生物多樣性公約》已經為傳統知識立法提供了依據。許多締約國根據公約制 定了專門法律,修改了專利法,還有的國家(如泰國)專門制定了針對本國傳統醫 藥知識的法律,明確對其進行特殊保護。我國雖然是最早加入《生物多樣性公約》 的國家之一,但是對公約缺乏研究,因此在傳統醫藥知識保護的立法上處於落後的 地位。 我國對中藥保護有八種方式,其中的專利制度對中藥的保護是否合適值得進行 分析。另外,我國特有的《中藥品種保護條例》雖然不是根據《生物多樣性公約》 制定的,但是其與我國的國情結合密切,人們對其優缺點也有很多評論。 本文對國際傳統醫藥知識維權成功案例的總結和對十個國家多達24部傳統知 識保護法規的比較在國內尚無人完成,具有創新性,希望能為對這方面有研究興趣 的學者和政策制定者提供參考。 關鍵字:傳統醫藥知識 專利 生物多樣性公約保護