The present research are mainly about the expression of “all-around” in Mandarin Chinese. The former arguments question generally follow the path from syntax to semantics. Resultantly, it's not systematic. This paper adopt an opposite path, that is , semantics to syntax , to observe the syntax manifestation of “all-around” systematically. Generally, there are two ways to express “all-around”: the word way and the syntax way. The word way refers to a sentence express all-around through some word with the meaning of all-around, such as“都(dou)”、“所有(suoyou)”、“每(mei)”、“一切(yigie)"and so on. These words have a general meaning, but they are different in part of speech, thereby differentiate from each other. For example,“所有(suoyou)" is a quantifier, so it's always followed by a noun;“每(mei)"is a pointing word, so it's always followed by a classifier or quantifier. Subtle difference exists between some even if they are of the same part of speech, Among them,“都( dou)” and “全(quan)"can be the example. They are both adverb, but “都(dou )"can coexist with none-all-referring word and “全(quan)" can not, “都(dou)” is the most exceptional one, because it always coexists with other all-round words and the syntax way to express all-round. The syntax way refers to a sentence employs some special syntax pattern to express all-round, without a single all-round word, The following three are the all: classifier-reduplication, the randomicity of question pronouns and the structure of “a classifier +negative”. The three ones have distinct characters each, such as the different locations they cover. In “a classifier +negative”, “a classifier "can be in front or at the back of the main verb. The question noun should always bein front of the main verb to express all-round meaning. The word way and the syntax way are not wide apart. Transformation can take place between them in some cases. A sentence with a all-round subject is named all-round subject sentence. If there is a conjunctional adverb in the sentence, it must be in front of the all-round subject. Key words: expression of all-round the word way the syntax way semantic difference syntax distribution

本文的主要内容是对现代汉语中一种很常见的、也是人们交际中必不可少的表达式一周遍表达式的研究。本文一反传统有关论述所遵循的句法——语义这一路径，而是参照语义——句法这一轨迹，以周遍性这一语义范畴为纲，系统地描写周遍性语义的语法表现及其之间的关系。 周遍式表达的手段可以分为两大类:词汇手段和语法手段。词汇手段是指词语本身具有周遍意义，如“全部、所有、一切、每、各、都、全”等等，句子借助这些周遍标示词来表达周遍意义。这些周遍标示词虽然都具有周遍意义，但是词类性质不同，句法功能就存在很大的差异，比如“所有”是数量词，它可以修饰名词，而“每”为指示词，它必须加上数词或者数量词之后才能修饰名词;即使属于同一词类，句法表现也并非完全相同，如“都”和“全”都是副词，但是“全”只能和表全称的成分搭配，而“都”没有这个限制，全称和非全称成分都可以和“都”连用。还有,“都”比较特殊，它和其他的周遍标示词不处在同一个层面上，通常能和其他周遍标示词同现，也能在表周遍的语法手段中出现。 语法手段就是词汇本身不具有周遍意义，句子主要通过某种特殊的语法格式表达周遍性。语法手段主要有三种:疑问代词的任指用法、量词重叠和“一量十否定”结构。这三种手段在句法上都有各自显著的特点，比如能够占据的句法位置，有的分布比较广，有的限制多一些。如“一量十否定”结构中的“一量”既能在谓语动词之前表周遍，也能在谓语动词之后表示周遍，但是表周遍的疑问代词就只能处在谓语动词之前，如果处于谓语动词之后的话，就不再有周遍的意义了，量词重叠能表周遍的语法位置主要是主语及其定语、状语，但是并非所有的主语的定语和状语位置上都可以表示周遍。 词汇手段和语法手段之间并不是截然分开的，有些可以进行转化。 主语是周遍性成分的句子称为周遍性主语句。本文还讨论了周遍性主语句中周遍性主语和关联副词的位置关系。如果句子中有关联副词，那么关联副词一定位于周遍性主语之前。 周遍性成分和分量成分共现的时候，分量成分在前，周遍性成分在后。 关键词: 周遍性表达 词汇手段 语法手段 语义区别 句法表现