The thesis mainly applies the theory of cultural nationalism and the paradigm of “ethno-symbolism” to examine the process in which Macao Chinese residents evolved from “members of an ethnic group” with little national consciousness and passively responding to nationalist movements initiated in the mainland, to “members of the Chinese nation” with strong nationalist emotions and actively participating in local nationalist movements. Meanwhile, after the repeated failures in political nationalist movements, Macao Chinese residents realized the significance of cultural nationalism in the particular context of Macao and soon adopted it. In the special background of the Anti-Japanese War, Macao Chinese residents overcame hardships and united under the call of cultural nationalism which was promoted in every aspect of the cultural domain in Macao. The cultural nationalist movement became a thorough nationalist baptism to the entire Chinese community and brought essential changes to the Macao society under colonialism.