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Macau Periodical Index (澳門期刊論文索引)
- Author
- Hernandez, Teresa; McGee, Robert W
- Title
- Attitudes toward bribery in Australia: A demographic study
- Journal Name
- Euro Asia Journal of Management
- Pub. Info
- Dec. 2014, Vol.24, No.1/2, pp. 57-91
- Keyword
- Bribery; Ethics; Rent seeking; Demographic variables; Gender; Age; Marital status; Ethnicity; Religion; Religiosity; Education level; Employment status; Occupation; Social class; Income level; Size of
- Abstract
- Abstract : This study examined Australian attitudes toward bribe taking, using the data from the World Values survey. The sample size was more than 1300 and included a wide range of the Australian population in terms of age and other demographics. Nineteen demographic variables (gender, age, marital status, etc.) were also examined to determine whether certain responses differed by category. The findings indicate that many of the demographic variables did have a high level of significance. Women were found to be much more averse to bribery than were men. Older people were more averse to bribe taking than were younger people. The ethnic group most opposed to bribery was the English-speaking Australian group; east Asians were least opposed. The importance of religion their lives was not an important variable, although Hindus were the most opposed. Those in the lower social class were significantly less opposed to bribe taking; full-time, part time employees and the unemployed were least opposed. Those in the lower social class were significantly less opposed to bribe taking than were members of the other social classes. Middle income taxpayers were the most opposed to bribe taking; people in the low income group were least opposed. Those who were least happy were significantly less opposed to bribe taking than were those from the other happiness groups. Those who placed confidence in the police were more opposed to bribe taking than were other groups. Education, institution of employment (workers in the public vs. private sector), size of town, health, extent of confidence in the government, and position on the left-right political spectrum were not important variables. Paragragh Headings: 1. Introduction 2. Review of the literature 3. The present study 4. Methodology 5. Findings 5.1. Gender 5.2. Age 5.3. Ethnicity 5.4. Importance of religion in life 5.5. Religion 5.6. Religiosity 5.7. Marital status 5.8. Education level 5.9. Employment status 5.10. Institution of occupation 5.11. Social class 5.12. Income 5.13. Size of town 5.14. Happiness 5.15. Health 5.16. Confidence in the police 5.17. Confidence in the justice system 5.18. Confidence in the government 5.19. Left-right political spectrum 5.10. Summary of findings 6. Conclusion comments Tables: 1. Ranking by gender 2. Ranking by age 3. Age and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 4. Ranking by ehnicity 5. Ethnicity and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 6. Ranking by importance of religion 7. Importance of religion in life and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 8. Ranking by religion 9. Religion and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 10. Ranking by religious person 11. Religious person and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 12. Ranking by marital status 13. Marital status and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 14. Ranking by highest level of education 15. Level of education and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 16. Ranking by employment status 17. Employment status and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 18. Ranking institution of occupation 19. Institution of occupation and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 20. Ranky by social class 21. Social class and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 22. Ranking by scale of income 23. Scale of income and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 24. Ranking by size of town 25. Size of town and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 26. Ranking by happiness 27. Happiness and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 28. Ranking by health 29. Health and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 30. Ranking by confidence in the police 31. Confidence in the police and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 32. Ranking by confidence in the justice system 33. Confidence in the justice system and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 34. Ranking by confidence in the government 35. Confidence in the government and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 36. Ranking by Left-right political spectrum 37. Left-right political spectrum and attitudes toward accepting a bribe ANOVA analysis 38. Summary of findings